I-Botulism kumakhowa - iimpawu, iindlela zonyango kunye nokuthintela

I-Botulism kumakhowa yenye yezona zizathu eziqhelekileyo zokutyhelwa kokutya kumalungiselelo asekhaya.

Ii-Microorganisms I-Clostridium botulinum ivelisa ityhefu eyingozi ebantwini - i-toxin ye-botulinum.

Ukuze ibhaktheriya yeClostridium ivelise i-toxin, iimeko ezimbini kufuneka zifezekiswe: ukungcoliswa kokutya kunye ne-microorganisms ezinobungozi kunye nokungabikho okupheleleyo kwe-oksijini.

izizathu

I-Clostridium botulinum ijikeleza abantu kuyo yonke indawo: iibhaktheriya zifumaneka emhlabeni, izilwanyana ezosulelekileyo, imifuno ebolileyo kunye neziqhamo. Ukusondela kwamakhowa kunye nezityalo emhlabeni, kokukhona amathuba okuba ii-microorganisms zingene kumphezulu wazo. Iintsholongwane ezincinci azibeki ingozi ebantwini de zingene kwindawo elungele ubomi: ukungabikho kweoksijini kunye nobushushu bomoya ngaphakathi kwama-25-30 degrees. Kuphantsi kweemeko ezinjalo apho i-toxin ye-botulinum, ityhefu enamandla ephilayo, iqala ukuveliswa.

Isizathu se-botulism kumakhowa yiteknoloji engafanelekanga yokulungiselela amalungiselelo asekhaya. Xa ama-mushroom e-canning, kuyimfuneko ukuhlenga ngokucokisekileyo izipho zehlathi, unqumle isiqu kwi-cap phezulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye uhlambulule ngokucokisekileyo ama-mushroom kwiindawo eziseleyo zomhlaba kunye namaqabunga abolileyo.

Iingqayi zokuthunga kunye nezivalo kufuneka zicolwe. Amakhowa anetyuwa kufuneka agcinwe kwindawo engaphantsi kunye nomswakama ophantsi, ngaphandle koko izivalo zentsimbi ziya kuqala ukugqwala. Ukuba ulandela yonke imigaqo yokutshiza amakhowa ekhaya, umngcipheko wokufumana i-botulism uyancitshiswa.

Iimpawu kunye nobungozi be-toxin ye-botulinum

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-fungal botulism zingenzeka emva kweeyure ezingama-3-4 emva kokutya amakhowa ayingozi, okanye emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.

Iimpawu zetyhefu ezibonakala kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokutya isitya se-mushroom zibonisa umthamo omkhulu we-toxin ye-botulinum engene emzimbeni.

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-botulism zifana neempawu zokuxiliswa kokutya kwaye ngoko azibangeli nayiphi na inkxalabo ethile.

Iimpawu eziphambili ze-botulism:

• Ukucaphuka
• Ukuqhaqha.
• Ukuqhakaza.
• Intlungu ye-Spasmodic kwindawo yesisu.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Ukunyuka okubukhali kwiqondo lokushisa lomzimba ukuya kuma-38-39 degrees.

I-toxin ende ye-botulinum ihlala ihleli emzimbeni, kokukhona iimpawu zibukhali. Ngomhla emva koko, imeko yesigulane ingena kwesinye isigaba: ukushisa komzimba kubuyela ngokuqhelekileyo, izitulo ezikhululekile zitshintshwa ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwamathumbu emathunjini. Emva komonakalo kwi-gastrointestinal tract, izinto ezinobuthi ziqala ukuchaphazela kakubi inkqubo ye-nervous central.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-botulism:

1. Ukwaphulwa komsebenzi obonakalayo: ukubonakala kwekhuselo phambi kwamehlo, ukuphinda kabini kwezinto.
2. Iingxaki nge-larynx: ngenxa yomonakalo kwi-nerve ye-glossopharyngeal, ixhoba alikwazi ukuginya ulwelo kunye nokutya, i-mucosa yomlomo yomile, kwaye i-timbre yezwi ishintsha kakhulu.
3. Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yokuphefumula: ukuphefumla kuba rhoqo kwaye kungabi nzulu, ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-oksijini isigulane siziva sinesiyezi kunye neentloko ezinzima.

Imeko eqhelekileyo yesigulana iya iba mandundu ngakumbi, umntu ukhawuleza adinwe kwaye ubukhulu becala ukwindawo yokulala. Ukufa kudla ngokubangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kokujikeleza kwegazi kunye nokukhubazeka kwezihlunu zokuphefumla.

Ingozi

I-Botulism kumakhowa ayitshatyalaliswa ngokuvezwa kwimitha ye-ultraviolet, ukushisa kunye ne-asidi. I-toxin ekhutshwe zii-microorganisms ingena kwinkqubo yokwetyisa komntu kunye nomngundo, kwaye emva koko isasazwe ngegazi kuwo wonke umzimba.

Izinto ezinobuthi zithintela iimpembelelo zenkqubo ye-nervous central kwaye zibangele ukukhubazeka. Ubunzima besifo ngokuthe ngqo kuxhomekeke kwinani le-toxin ye-botulinum engene emzimbeni wesigulane, kunye nobudala bakhe kunye nesantya sokubonelela ngoncedo lokuqala kwimeko yetyhefu.

Impembelelo yetyhefu emzimbeni

Indlela yokuqonda i-botulism? Enyanisweni, iimpawu zomonakalo wetyhefu ye-botulinum kunzima ukuzihoya.

Iimpawu zenkangeleko yesigulane:

1. Ubuso bexhoba bufana ne-mask engashukumiyo ngenxa yomonakalo kwi-nerve yobuso yi-toxin.
2. Ii-capillaries ezincinci ze-epidermis ziyafa, ezibangela ukugqabhuka kwesikhumba.
3. I-Strabismus, i-eyelid yangaphezulu ethobileyo.
4. Ulwimi lomguli luhamba nzima.
5. Isisu sidumbile kakhulu.

Ukudityaniswa kweempawu zetyhefu yokutya kunye neempawu zesifo zinika oogqirha isizathu sokuba benze ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwe-botulism.

Amanqanaba ophuhliso lwe-botulism emva kwamakhowa

I-Botulism kumakhowa ikhula kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani betyhefu engena emzimbeni.

Amanqanaba esi sifo:

1. Uhlobo oluncinci lwe-botulism lubonakaliswa ngokuphazamiseka okuncinci kwelungu elibonakalayo, isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza okungaqhelekanga, kunye nobuthathaka bemisipha.
2. Inqanaba eliphakathi le-botulism libonakaliswa ngokutshintsha kwelizwi, ubunzima bokugwinya ukutya, kunye nombono ophindwe kabini. Le meko inokuhlala malunga neveki, kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zomzimba ngamnye.
3. Uhlobo olunzima lokuxilwa kwamakhowa luyingozi kakhulu ebantwini. Umonakalo kwizihlunu zokuphefumla kunye nezinye iziphelo zemithambo-luvo zinokubulala. Ngaphandle koncedo olungxamisekileyo, ixhoba liyafa phakathi kweentsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.

Uncedo lokuqala kunye nonyango

Indlela yokuchonga i-botulism kumakhowa kunye nokubonelela ngoncedo lokuqala kwixhoba?

Okokuqala, xa kubonakala iimpawu zetyhefu yokutya, kuyimfuneko ukufumanisa ukuba isigulane sasidla ntoni.

Ukuba uluhlu lwezitya luqukethe amakhowa ahlambulukileyo, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo alandelayo ngaphambi kokuba uncedo oluphuthumayo lufike.

Amanyathelo oncedo lokuqala:

• Ukuhlamba isisu. Kuyimfuneko ukususa i-toxins emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngenxa yale njongo i-gastric lavage yenziwa. Ukucoca izitho zokugaya ukutya kunye nezinto ezinobungozi, isigulane kufuneka sisele ilitha yesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate okanye amanzi abilisiwe, kwaye sinyanzelise ukuhlanza.
• Ukuthatha nayiphi na i-enterosorbent: i-carbon activated, i-Smecta okanye i-Enterosgel.
• I-enema yokucoca iyakususa i-toxin ye-botulinum ukusuka emathunjini.

Iqela le-ambulensi liya kuhlola imeko yexhoba kwaye limsa esibhedlele ukuze lifumane unyango olungaphezulu.

Ukucacisa ukuxilongwa, isigulane kufuneka sihlalutye ukuxilongwa okuhlukeneyo: uhlalutyo lomhlanzo kunye nendle, iimvavanyo zegazi le-biochemical.

Emva kokuba ukuxilongwa kwe-botulism kuqinisekisiwe, isigulane simiselwe unyango olubanzi. Inqanaba eliphambili lonyango lwe-botulism kukuqaliswa kwe-serum ekhethekileyo elwa ngokufanelekileyo nesifo kuphela kwiiyure ezingama-72 zokuqala.

Indlela yokuzikhusela kwi-botulism?

Ukuze uzikhusele kunye nabathandekayo bakho kwi-botulism, akudingeki ukuba ulahle amakhowa atyunjiweyo; kwanele ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko xa uqokelela kunye nokugcina iimveliso zehlathi.

Ukuthintela i-botulism:

1. Sika isiqu se-mushroom phezulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka emhlabeni.
2. Amakhowa kufuneka avuthwe kwangolo suku aziswa ngalo ehlathini.
3. Musa ukukha amakhowa kufutshane neendlela ezixakekileyo.
4. Ngaphambi kokutya, amakhowa kufuneka abiliswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye aqhotswe.
5. Iingqayi zokunkonkxa kunye neziciko kufuneka zicolwe.
6. Musa ukuthenga amakhowa asemathinini kwiimarike kubathengisi abangaziwayo.
7. Amakhowa asemathinini kufuneka agcinwe kwindawo epholileyo, emnyama.
8. Iingqayi ezineziciko ezigqumayo kunye nezinto ezinamafu ziyingozi empilweni.

Indlela yokulahla izinto ezinobungozi eziqulethwe kumakhowa? Iingcali zithi unyango olude lwexesha elide kunye nokudalwa kwendawo ene-acidic kunceda ukwenza amakhowa akhuseleke kwimpilo.

Ividiyo: qaphela - malunga ne-botulism