I-Mycotoxins zizinto eziyityhefu eziphuma kumsebenzi wokungunda. Umsebenzi webhayoloji wezinto ezinjalo eziphilayo uphezulu. I-Mycotoxins ekhoyo kwiimveliso ichaphazela kakubi impilo yabantu. Kutheni izinto ezinjalo ziyingozi? Zenziwa njani kwaye zisuswe njani?
Yintoni i-mycotoxins
Ukungunda kuhlala kukho malunga nabantu. Abantu basebenzisa izinto eziveliswa ngumngundo ngeenjongo zonyango kwaye balungiselele amayeza kubo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle konyango, inkunkuma enjalo iyingozi.
I-Mycotoxins zizinto eziyityhefu ezikhutshwa ngumngundo phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Iikhompawundi ezinjalo zivimbela umsebenzi wezinye i-microorganisms. Zivela ngenxa yomonakalo wokungunda kwiimveliso zokutya, izityalo ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokulima, kunye nokuveliswa kokutya kubo. Ezona ziyingozi kakhulu zii-mycotoxins ezenzeka kwizityalo eziziinkozo kunye nokutya okuvela kwizilwanyana.
Ubungozi kunye nobungozi be-mycotoxins buxhomekeke ekungakwazini ukuzibona ngexesha lokuhlolwa okulula, azichaphazeli nangayiphi na indlela ukubonakala kwemveliso. Izinto ezinobungozi zigcinwa ngexesha lokunyanga ukushisa kunye neqhwa.
Eyona fungi ixhaphakileyo exhokonxa uphuhliso lwe-mycotoxins ithathwa njengeentlobo ezintathu.
Umbono:
- Aspergillus.
- Ipenicillin.
- I-Fusarium.
Iimbini zokuqala zisasazeka kwizinto eziluhlaza ngenxa yokugcinwa okungafanelekanga, uhlobo lwesithathu luchaphazela isityalo ngexesha lokukhula. Ukungcoliswa kokutya kunokwenzeka nakweliphi na inqanaba.
Impembelelo ye-mycotoxins kumzimba womntu
Okwangoku, zingaphezu kwamakhulu amane iintlobo ze-mycotoxins ezaziwayo. Zonke ziyingozi kwimpilo kwaye zibangela ukuphuhliswa kwetyhefu kunye ne-mycotoxicosis. Kukho iqela lawona maqela aziwayo ezinto eziyityhefu. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-compound enetyhefu, umphumo kumzimba uyahluka, nangona kunjalo, inani lezenzo eziqhelekileyo zichongwa kuzo zonke iintlobo zezinto ezinobuthi.
Intshukumo:
- khuthaza ukukhula komhlaza,
- kubangela ukuba iiseli kunye nezicubu zitshintshe ukwakheka kwazo, zibangele ukuguquka,
- kuxhokonxa ukukhula kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga emzimbeni,
- zinefuthe elibi kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye nosana olungekazalwa,
- kukhokelela ekuphuhlisweni kwe-allergies emzimbeni,
- yenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba.
Xa izilwanyana zisebenzisa ukutya okungcolileyo, ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-nervous kuphazamiseka, ukukhupha isisu ngokuzenzekelayo kunokwenzeka, kwaye amalungu angaphakathi achaphazeleka.
Kunzima ukufumanisa ubukho bezinto eziyingozi, xa ungeniswa, i-compound enobungozi iyatshintsha kwaye ihle ibe ziintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ibangele iimpawu ezigqithisileyo.
Zeziphi iimveliso eziqulathe?
Kukuphi ukutya okusesichengeni sokusulelwa yi-mycotoxin? Izinto ezinobungozi zinokubakho kokubini ekutyeni apho ukungunda kubonakala ngokucacileyo, kunye nokutya okubonakala kusemgangathweni ophezulu.
Izityalo eziziinkozo zidla ngokuchaphazeleka zizifo, iimbotyi kunye neembewu ezahlukeneyo ziyachaphazeleka. I-Mycotoxins inokufumaneka rhoqo kwimifuno, iziqhamo, kunye namandongomane. Iimeko ezamkelekileyo zanele ukusasazeka kwezinto ezinobungozi zefungal.
Iimeko:
- ukufuma,
- ukuhamba rhoqo kweoksijini,
- shushu,
- ubukho bezinto eziphilayo.
Iimeko ezinjalo zilungele ukuphuhliswa kwezinto ezinobuthi ezinobuthi. Ukwakheka kwenzeka nakuphi na ukutya. Kukho amaqela aliqela adumileyo adla ngokuchanabeka ekusasazweni kweetyhefu.
Imveliso:
- izityalo eziziinkozo,
- iimbotyi,
- amantongomane ahlukeneyo,
- iziqhamo ezomisiweyo, iidiliya ezomisiweyo,
- iimveliso zobisi,
- inyama kunye neemveliso ezenziwe ngayo,
- iimveliso zokubhaka,
- imifuno,
- ziqhamo,
- amajikijolo
- iimveliso ezenziwe ngeziqhamo kunye namaqunube,
- ikofu.
Ukutya okungcolileyo akuhlukanga ngenkangeleko kukutya okuqhelekileyo. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-mycotoxins ekutyeni kunzima. Noko ke, xa etyiwe, umntu uva ivumba nencasa ethile; kusenokubakho ubukrakra okanye incasa engumngundo.
Akunakwenzeka ukususa i-mycotoxins ekutyeni okonakeleyo; akukho nyango luya kunceda. Ke ngoko, izinto ezingcolisekileyo ezikrwada kunye neemveliso zitshatyalaliswa ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuba nokwenzeka kokusasazeka kwezinto ezinobuthi.
Iintlobo kunye neempawu zale tyhefu
Izinto eziyingozi ezidityaniswe ngumngundo zihlelwa njengetyhefu yemetabolism. Ngaphantsi kweempembelelo ezinjalo, i-mycotoxicosis ivela kubantu. Nayiphi na imveliso enetyhefu inokubangela izifo.
Iifom kunye neentshukumo:
- Aflatoxicosis. Zivela phantsi kweempembelelo zefungi yeentlobo ze-Aspergillus, iqela eliyingozi kakhulu. Ziyityhefu kakhulu; nokuba isixa esincinci sinokukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo ezinzulu nezingenakulungiseka. Umthamo we-75 mg / kg wobunzima bomntu uthathwa njengobulalayo. Ifumaneka kwiimveliso zokutya ezinomxholo ophezulu we-starch, kwinyama eluhlaza, ubisi, kunye neemveliso ezomileyo. Ukuba ingena emzimbeni, ibangela ukuphazamiseka kwesibindi, ibangela ukubonakala kwezifo ezinzulu, kwaye ukubonakala kwezilonda ezinobungozi zomzimba kunokwenzeka. I-Aflotoxicosis ikhokelela kwiingxaki zofuzo ezizibonakalisa kwinzala. Le mycotoxin itshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo iseli.
- Ochratoxicosis. Iveliswe nguAspergillus kunye nePenicillus fungi.Zichaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwezintso, ziyityhefu kakhulu, kwaye ziphazamisa ukukhula kwe-embryonic. I-Mycotoxins ekutyeni ithintela umsebenzi wokukhusela we-immune system kwaye ibangele i-atrophy ye-lymphoid tissue.
- Zearalenone kunye nezinto eziphuma kuyo. Ibangelwa yiFusarium amakhowa. Isasazwa kwiisiriyeli, amandongomane, iziqhamo zasetropiki, kunye nepepile emnyama. Inokuvela kwizinto eziphuma kwinyama kunye namaqanda. Ayinayo ityhefu ebukhali, ichaphazela i-estrogen. Kubantu, i-mycotoxin ayibangeli bungozi buthile. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, kubangela ukungahambi kakuhle kokuya esikhathini, iinkqubo zokuvuvukala kwi-mammary glands kumadoda, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo.
- Trichothecenes. I-Mycotoxins inetyhefu kwaye iyingozi, ibangela ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo ye-nervous kunye nenkqubo ye-hematopoiesis. Umntu uphathwa yintloko ebuhlungu, aphazamiseke xa elala, abe noxinzelelo olungakumbi, yaye akakuthandi ukutya. Inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeseli ezimhlophe zegazi liyancipha, kwaye inkqubo yokuqhawula igazi iyancipha. Ubukho bezilonda esikhumbeni buyaphawulwa.
- uPatulin. I-substance yenziwa ngumngundo iPenicillium Aspergillus kwaye ixhokonxa ukwenzeka kwezilonda zeseli ezinobungozi kunye nokuguqulwa kweembumba. Idla ngokufumaneka kwimifuno neziqhamo ezilungisiweyo. Ubuninzi bubangela ukopha kwesisu kunye nokudumba kwemiphunga. Kwizilwanyana, i-mycotoxin itshabalalisa ukwakheka kweechromosomes kunye ne-DNA kwaye ichaphazela kakubi umsebenzi wokuzala. Kwiidosi ezincinci azikho yingozi ebantwini.
Umngundo omnye uvelisa ii-mycotoxins ezininzi. Izinto ezichaziweyo zezona zithandwa kakhulu, kodwa zonke iikhompawundi ezinobuthi ziyingozi kwaye ziyingozi kwimpilo yabantu.
Unyango kunye nokuthintela ubuthi
Ukuba iimpawu ezikrokrisayo zibhaqiwe, kufuneka uqhagamshelane neziko lonyango. Uxilongo kunye neendlela zokumisela ityhefu ye-mycotoxin zifuna ukhathalelo nengqalelo. Unyango lwenziwa emva kokuxilongwa.
Indlela yokuphatha:
- Ukubuyiselwa kokulinganisela kwamanzi-ityuwa. Ixhoba lithengiswa ngesisombululo somzimba - i-electrolyte compound ye-sodium chloride. Ndiyabulela kuyo, i-toxins isuswa emzimbeni, isakhiwo seseli sibuyiselwa, iinkqubo zokuvuvukala ziyancipha, kwaye amajoni omzimba aqiniswa.
- Banika umntu ochaphazelekayo ukuba athathe i-sorbents; ezo zinto zithintela i-toxin ukuba isasazeke ngakumbi kwaye inceda ukuyiphelisa.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweprobiotics kuya kunceda ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokugaya kunye namathumbu, kunye nokuphucula imeko jikelele.
Amanyathelo okuthintela aya kunceda ukuphepha ukunxila kunye ne-mycotoxins. Eyona nto iphambili kukulawula ukuveliswa kunye nokulungiswa kwezityalo eziziinkozo.
Ulawulo:
- ukujonga imbewu,
- ukulungiswa kakuhle komhlaba,
- ulawulo lokukhula,
- ukucoca ngokucokisekileyo nangokucocekileyo,
- ukhetho lomgangatho,
- ukuthobela imithetho yokugcina,
- inkqubo echanekileyo.
Ukutya okulungisiweyo nako kufuneka kugcinwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba iimpawu zokubumba zifunyenwe, kufuneka ulahle ukutya okunjalo.
Ii-Mycotoxins zihlala zifumaneka kwiimveliso. Ngelishwa, usulelo luhlala lusenzeka ngexesha lokulungiselela ukutya. Ezinye izinto ezinobuthi azikho yingozi, ezinye zibangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwezitho zangaphakathi kunye neenkqubo. Iimveliso ezineempawu zokungunda kufuneka zilahlwe.
Ividiyo: yintoni i-mycotoxins
Yintoni omele uyenze ukuba awuboni kakuhle?
Wonke umntu oye "wagwetyelwa" ngekamva kunye nee-ophthalmologists kwiiglasi uyazi: usizi, ukukhungatheka, kunye nokothuka akunakuphepheka. Kwaye akukhathaliseki ukuba isigwebo sifunyenwe kwiminyaka emingaphi. Akuyonyaniso ukuba ngabantwana nabakwishumi elivisayo kuphela abaneecomplexes ngenxa “yamehlo amane.”
Kakade ke, abantu abadala abasayi kuhlekwa ngabantu ababukeleyo. Kodwa abafazi babuhlungu ukuba ngoku ukubonakala kwabo kubonakaliswe, abayi kuphumelela, kwaye nesakhelo esinesitayile asiyi kusindisa imeko. Amadoda acinga ukuba ukugqoka iiglasi kubenza babonakale bebuthathaka ... Ukusuka ngaphandle kuyahlekisa, kodwa ezi ziingxaki zangempela!
Ewe, wonke umntu uyazi ukuba i-hypothetically iyakwazi ukulahla iiglasi. Unokuthatha ngokunzulu imithambo yamehlo. Kodwa bangaphi abantu abanomonde nokungaguquguquki? Unokuba nobuganga bokwenza utyando - kodwa iyoyikisa, iyabiza kwaye ayiboniswa kuzo zonke iimeko.
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Le yimibuzo efanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, into yokuqala okufuneka uyenze xa uthatha isigqibo sokutshintsha isixhobo sakho sokulungiswa kombono kukutyelela i-ophthalmologist. Kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe ingcali eyazi kakuhle ngesihloko esinomdla kuwe. Ugqirha oqeqeshiweyo
- ukuvavanya imeko ye-cornea;
- iya kugqiba ukuba ngaba unokunganyamezeli komntu;
- uya kuwujonga ngokupheleleyo umbono wakho.
Ngoncedo lwayo uya kukhetha oko kukufanele kakhulu.
Indlela yokukhetha iilensi zoqhagamshelwano ezifanelekileyo?
Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba namhlanje ukhetho lubanzi kakhulu. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeelensi zoqhagamshelwano ezikhoyo. Zihloselwe ukunxiba ixesha elide kunye nexesha elide, kwaye kukho ukunxiba kosuku olunye.
Unokuzibeka kwindlela endala ekuseni kwaye uzikhuphe ngokuhlwa, ungalibali ukubanyamekela nokubaphatha ngesisombululo esikhethekileyo. Ukuba awukuthandi ukuhambahamba, khetha onokuthi uzinxibe ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuzikhulula nasebusuku. Olunye usuku lususwa ngokuhlwa - kodwa luphonswe kude, kwaye kusasa sebenzisa isibini esitsha.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwezinye izifo, umgangatho ophezulu wokulungiswa kombono kunye neeglasi ngumgaqo awufumaneki. Kwaye iilensi ziya kubuya umfanekiso opheleleyo wehlabathi. Kwaye kwangaxeshanye - imvakalelo yokuba luncedo, ubuhle kunye nenkululeko.
Ukuqala kwesigaba esitsha ebomini kuya kuba ziilensi zoqhagamshelwano. Umgangatho wabo ophezulu uya ku-inshurensi kwiingxaki ezinokwenzeka. Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka ukuba ungomnye wabo iilensi aziyi kuba yindlela yokulungiswa kuphela, kodwa ziya kunceda ukuphucula umbono: iyeza liyazi iimeko ezininzi ezinjalo.
Shiya iMpendulo