Ityhefu yokutya - iimpawu kunye neendlela zonyango kubantu abadala kunye nabantwana

Ukuxilongwa kwetyhefu yokutya kuthetha isifo sendalo esosulelayo, ezibonakalisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibonakaliswe ngeempawu ezicacileyo. Esi sifo senzeka ngenxa yokutya okudala, ukutya okudala.

I-pathogenic microorganisms kunye ne-toxins ziqokelela kuzo, ngenxa yokunyuka kwenani leebhaktheriya ze-pathogenic, ezityhefa umzimba.

Iintsholongwane kunye ne-epidemiology

I-causative agents of poisoning yokutya ingaba yi-microorganisms yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezidityaniswe ngumfanekiso wekliniki ofanayo kunye neempawu.

Iintsholongwane eziphambili:

• Klebsiella;
• I-Enterobacter;
• I-Citrobacter;
• iSerratia;
• I-Enterococcus kunye nezinye iintsholongwane (i-Shigella, i-Streptococcus, i-Salmonella, i-spore anaerobes kunye ne-aerobes).

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lwe-pathogen, ityhefu iyenzeka xa ingena emzimbeni ngobuninzi. Umfanekiso weklinikhi wosulelo olunobuthi olubangelwa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane ziphantse zifane. Oku kuchazwa yinyaniso yokuba iimpawu zikhula ngenxa yemiphumo emibi ye-toxins eyenziwa ngenxa yomsebenzi we-microorganisms, kungekhona ngokwabo.

Abathwali bosulelo kunye nabathwali babo abangobantu kuphela, kodwa kunye nezilwanyana zasefama. Aba ngabantu abaye bafumanisa ukuba banezifo ze-purulent nature, tonsillitis, kunye ne-furunculosis. Iinkomo zobisi ezine-mastitis nazo zingabathwali abasebenzayo beebhaktheriya ze-pathogenic. I-Clostridia, njengedama lokuzala, khetha umhlaba okanye amanzi, abawafumana kwilindle lezilwanyana nelomntu.

Usulelo lwenzeka nge-fecal-oral mechanism. Iibhaktheriya ze-Pathogenic zingena kwiimveliso zokutya ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, apho ziphindaphinda ngokusebenzayo kwaye ziqokelele. Emva kokutya ukutya okunoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-pathogenic microflora, ukuxiliswa okugqithisileyo komzimba kufunyenwe.

Ngokwe-classification yamazwe ngamazwe yezifo ze-ICD-10, izifo ezixinzelelekileyo zokutya zibandakanyiwe kwiqela "Ezinye i-bacterial food poisoning" kunye nesabelo sekhowudi ye-ICD-10: A05.

Ityhefu ekutyeni: oonobangela kunye neempawu

Amaxesha amaninzi, izifo ezibangelwa kukutya zifunyaniswa emva kokutya iimveliso zezilwanyana ezingcolileyo.

Imithombo ephambili yosulelo oluyityhefu:

• inyama;
• intlanzi;
• iimveliso zobisi;
• ukuhlohla;
• iimveliso ezigqityiweyo kwinyama engcolileyo;
• ukhilimu weqanda.

Ukuze ugweme ubuthi, kubalulekile ukuthobela iteknoloji xa ulungiselela iimveliso ezigqityiweyo, i-sausage kunye nezinye izitya. Ukungakhathali ekugcinweni nasekuthuthweni, nakwiimveliso ezitsha, kunokukhokelela kusulelo kunye nokwanda kweentsholongwane.

Ngamanye amaxesha i-microflora ye-pathogenic kwiimveliso ayibonakali kwiso lenyama. Ngexesha elifudumeleyo, inani leemeko zokutyhelwa kokutya liyanda ngenxa yokuba kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu, i-spores ihluma kakhulu kwaye ibhaktheriya yanda ngokukhawuleza.

Usulelo lwenzeka ngabanye, kodwa luhlala luvela kumaqela, umzekelo, kwiintsapho okanye kumaqela (umsebenzi, isikolo, i-kindergarten). Usulelo oluyityhefu aluxhaphakanga kubantu abadala abasempilweni kuneentsana kunye nabantu abadala abanamajoni omzimba abuthathaka.

Iqela lomngcipheko - abantu:

• emva konyango lwe-antibacterial ixesha elide;
• emva kwemisebenzi emikhulu (ixesha lokubuyisela);
• nazo zonke iintlobo zokuphazamiseka kwindlela yesisu.

Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-pathogen, umfanekiso osemgangathweni wekliniki unokuba nokuphambuka okuncinci.

Iimpawu zokuqala zivela kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kwetyhefu. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ixesha lokufukamela liyancitshiswa libe yimizuzu engama-30, kwaye kwimiphunga inokufikelela kwiiyure ezingama-48.

Iimpawu eziphambili zi:

• i-toxicosis enzima kunye nesicaphucaphu;
• ukuhlanza okuphindaphindiweyo, ukuzisa isiqabu sexeshana;
• ilindle elixekethileyo (urhudo);
• intlungu kunye ne-spasms kwindawo yesisu;
• ubuthathaka, ukubanda;
• intlungu kumalungu;
• I-palpitations yentliziyo;
• intloko;
• umlomo owomileyo;
• ukuxhuzula kubantwana.

Ubuninzi bokuhamba kwamathumbu ngosuku kaninzi budlula ishumi elinesibini, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphelelweni kwamanzi ngokukhawuleza komzimba. Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kubangela ulusu olomileyo noluphaphathekileyo. Kwi-palpation, intlungu iphawulwe kwingingqi ye-umbilical. Iimpawu ezibukhali zenzeka iintsuku ezi-1-3, emva koko ziyancipha kwaye ziphele.

Usulelo oluyityhefu ebuntwaneni

Ityhefu yokutya kwabantwana, iimpawu zayo kunye nonyango azifani nabantu abadala. Abantwana abatyelela rhoqo iindawo ezinenginginya yabantu basengozini enkulu.

Kule meko, ubuthi obukhulu bucatshukiswa kukungena kwe-E. coli okanye i-staphylococcus emzimbeni, efika apho ngenxa yokungathotyelwa kakuhle kwemigangatho yococeko kunye nococeko lomntu.

Abantwana abancinci bahlala bebeka amathoyizi kunye nezinye izinto ezosulelwe yi-pathogenic microflora emlonyeni wabo.

Abantwana badla ngokusulelwa kukutya okulungiselelwa ngabasebenzi abanganyanisekanga abangayihoyiyo imithetho yokugcina ukutya nokukulungiselela. Ukuqhambuka kwetyhefu kubhalwe rhoqo kwiinkampu zabantwana, amaziko asenkulisa kunye nezibhedlele zokubeleka.

Abantwana kwinyanga yokuqala yobomi bakufumanisa kunzima ukunyamezela izifo ezinobuthi. Ukongeza kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo, bahlakulela i-dysbiosis yamathumbu, i-pustular rashes, kunye ne-stomatitis. Kwimeko yetyhefu ebukhali, umntwana unokufumana ukothuka kwi-toxins eveliswa inani elikhulu lebhaktheriya. Kwiimeko ezinzima, umntwana ufuna uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo.

Iindlela zonyango kunye nokuxilongwa

Uncedo lokuqala lokutyhefwa kokutya kukuhlambulula ngokukhawuleza isisu seentsalela zokutya okunetyhefu. Oogqirha bayabizwa ukuba bahlambe isisu ngokukhawuleza, bafake ii-sorbents, kwaye benze i-enema. Zonke iindlela zoncedo lokuqala zijolise ekukhululeni amathumbu kwi-toxins.

Kwiimeko zokuhlanza okukhulu kunye nesifo sohudo, iingcebiso zeklinikhi zijolise ekuboneleleni ixhoba ngobuninzi be-fluid ukuze kupheliswe ithuba lokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Le isenokuba yimixube ekhethekileyo yokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni okanye iti eneswiti ebuthathaka. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba usele ulwelo rhoqo kwiindawo ezincinci ukuhlawulela ukulahleka kwamanzi emzimbeni.

Kwimeko yetyhefu enzima yokutya, unyango longezwa ngamachiza okulwa ne-antibacterial. Xa iimpawu eziphambili zokuxilwa zidlula, unyango longezwa ngamalungiselelo e-enzyme kunye neprobiotics. Banceda ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwamathumbu okuqhelekileyo kwaye bazalise ngeebhaktheriya ezibalulekileyo.

ekuxilongweni

Ukuchongwa kwe-pathogen kusekelwe ekuzimeleni kwayo emhlanzweni okanye kwindle yexhoba. Emva kokuchonga i-pathogen, imbewu yebhaktheriya ye-biomaterial iqhutyelwa kwimidiya eyahlukeneyo yezondlo ukumisela ulwalathiso lwetyhefu.

Ngokuqhelekileyo kunzima ukucacisa ngokuchanekileyo uhlobo lwe-pathogen. Kwaye ii-microorganisms ezichongiweyo zihlala zingabi yimbangela ephambili yetyhefu yomzimba. Uxhulumaniso luchongwa ziziphumo zovavanyo lwe-serological okanye ngezifundo zokutya ezidliwe ngamanye amaxhoba (kwimeko yetyhefu enkulu).

Ukutya kwityhefu yokutya

Ukongeza kwonyango lweziyobisi kwityhefu yokutya, kufuneka unamathele kwisondlo sokutya. Ukutya okunamafutha kunye nokutya okuthosiweyo akubandakanywa ngokupheleleyo kwimenyu. Iimveliso ezivusa ukubunjwa kwegesi esebenzayo emathunjini zisetyenziswa ngokuqaphela.

Ukutya okuvumelekileyo kunye nezitya:

1. inyama ebilisiwe;
2. amaqanda ane-yolk egijimayo;
3. isuphu yemifuno;
4. i-fat-fat cottage cheese;
5. iicroutons zesonka esimhlophe;
6. irayisi, i-semolina kunye ne-buckwheat porridge.

Ukutya kokubuyisela umzimba emva kobuthi kunezithintelo eziqinileyo kwiimveliso kunye neendlela zonyango lokushisa.

Akubandakanywanga kwidayethi:

• ikhofi;
• i-confectionery;
• iziselo carbonated;
• ukutya okutshayiweyo kunye nokuvuthwa;
• imbotyi;
• izinto ezintsha ezibhakiweyo.

Uqikelelo kunye nothintelo

Ngoncedo lokuqala olufike ngexesha kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo, i-prognosis yokubuyisela ilungile. Ukuphuculwa kwimeko jikelele yomzimba kwenzeka kwiintsuku ezingama-2-3. Ukuwohloka kunokwenzeka kuphela xa kukho iingxaki okanye ukothuka okunetyhefu.

Ukungabandakanyi nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kuphuhliswe usulelo oluyityhefu ekutyeni, kuyimfuneko ukuthobela inani lemithetho.

Isiseko sothintelo:

1. hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo;
2. khangela imihla yokuphelelwa kweemveliso;
3. musa ukuthenga ukutya osele kuphekiwe kwiivenkile zasesitalatweni;
4. Jonga ukuqina kokupakishwa kweemveliso zobisi.

Ngokuhlala unamathela kule mithetho ilula, unokunciphisa amathuba okuphuhlisa ityhefu yokutya. Imiphumo yokungahambelani nemigaqo yokukhetha iimveliso kunye nococeko oluqhelekileyo lunokuba lukhulu kakhulu kwaye lusongela ubomi.

Ividiyo: yintoni