I-Mycotoxins yizinto ezinobuthi ezibangelwa ukusebenza kwesikhunta. Umsebenzi webhayoloji wezinto ezinjalo eziphilayo uphezulu. I-Mycotoxins etholakala emikhiqizweni ilimaza impilo yomuntu. Kungani izinto ezinjalo ziyingozi? Zakhiwe kanjani futhi zingasuswa kanjani?
Ayini ama-mycotoxins
Isikhunta sihlala sikhona eduze kwabantu. Abantu basebenzisa izinto ezikhiqizwe isikhunta ngezinhloso zokwelapha futhi balungise imithi kuzo. Nokho, ngaphandle kokwelashwa, imfucuza enjalo iyingozi.
I-Mycotoxins yizinto ezinobuthi ezikhishwa isikhunta ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Izinhlanganisela ezinjalo zivimbela ukusebenza kwamanye ama-microorganisms. Zivela ngenxa yokulimala kwesikhunta emikhiqizweni yokudla, izitshalo ngesikhathi sokugcinwa nokulima, nokukhiqizwa kokudla okuvela kuzo. Ayingozi kakhulu ama-mycotoxins atholakala ezitshalweni zokusanhlamvu kanye nokudla okuvela ezilwaneni.
Ukulimala kanye nengozi yama-mycotoxins kusekungakwazini ukuwabona ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okulula, akuthinti nganoma iyiphi indlela ukubukeka komkhiqizo. Izinto eziyingozi zigcinwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa okushisa kanye neqhwa.
Isikhunta esivame kakhulu esivusa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-mycotoxins sithathwa njengezinhlobo ezintathu.
Izinhlobo:
- I-Aspergillus.
- I-Penicillin.
- I-Fusarium.
Okubili kokuqala kusakazeka ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ngenxa yokugcina okungalungile, uhlobo lwesithathu luthinta isitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ukungcoliswa kokudla kungenzeka kunoma yisiphi isigaba.
Umphumela we-mycotoxins emzimbeni womuntu
Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amane ze-mycotoxins zaziwa. Zonke ziyingozi empilweni futhi zibangela ukuthuthukiswa kobuthi kanye ne-mycotoxicosis. Kunamaqembu amaningana aziwa kakhulu ezinto ezinobuthi. Kuye ngohlobo lwenhlanganisela enobuthi, umphumela emzimbeni uyahlukahluka, noma kunjalo, izenzo eziningi ezivamile zinqunywa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezinobuthi.
Umthetho:
- kubangele ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza,
- kubangela amangqamuzana nezicubu ukuthi zishintshe ukwakheka kwazo, kubangele ukuguqulwa,
- kubangele ukuthuthukiswa kokungajwayelekile ngokomzimba,
- ibe nomthelela omubi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye ne-fetus,
- kuholela ekwakhiweni kokungezwani komzimba,
- nciphisa amasosha omzimba.
Lapho izilwane zisebenzisa ukudla okungcolile, ukusebenza kwesimiso sezinzwa kuyaphazamiseka, ukukhishwa kwezisu okuzenzakalelayo kungenzeka, futhi izitho zangaphakathi ziyathinteka.
Ukunquma ubukhona bento eyingozi kunzima; lapho idliwe, isakhi esiyingozi siyashintsha futhi sihlukane sibe izinhlobo eziningi ezihlukene, okubangela izimpawu zokudlula umthamo.
Iqukethe miphi imikhiqizo?
Yikuphi ukudla okungenwa kalula yi-mycotoxin? Izinto eziyingozi zingaba khona kokubili ekudleni lapho isikhunta sibonakala ngokucacile, nasekudleni okubonakala kusezingeni eliphezulu.
Izitshalo ze-cereal zivame ukungenwa yizifo; imidumba nembewu ehlukahlukene iyathinteka. I-Mycotoxins ivame ukutholakala emifino, izithelo, namantongomane. Izimo ezamukelekayo zanele ukusabalala kokuphuma kwefungal okuyingozi.
Izimo:
- umswakama,
- ukugeleza njalo kwe-oxygen,
- fudumele,
- ukuba khona kwezinto eziphilayo.
Izimo ezinjalo zivuna ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezinobuthi eziyingozi. Ukwakheka kwenzeka kunoma yikuphi ukudla. Kunamaqembu amaningana adumile avame ukuba sengozini yokusabalala koshevu.
Imikhiqizo:
- okusanhlamvu,
- okusanhlamvu,
- amantongomane ahlukene,
- izithelo ezomisiwe, amagilebhisi omisiwe,
- imikhiqizo yobisi,
- inyama nemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngayo,
- imikhiqizo yokubhaka,
- imifino,
- izithelo,
- amajikijolo
- imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngezithelo namajikijolo,
- ikhofi
Ukudla okungcolile akuhlukani ngokubukeka nokudla okuvamile. Ukunqunywa kwe-mycotoxins ekudleni kunzima. Kodwa-ke, lapho umuntu edliwe, uzwa iphunga nokunambitha okuthile; kungase kube khona ukubaba noma ukunambitheka okukhuntile.
Akunakwenzeka ukususa ama-mycotoxins ekudleni okonakele; akukho mithi yokwelapha ezosiza. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingcolile kanye nemikhiqizo ziyabhujiswa ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okusakazeka okwengeziwe kwezinto ezinobuthi.
Izinhlobo nezici zalobu buthi
Izinto eziyingozi ezihlanganiswe yisikhunta zihlukaniswa njengoshevu we-metabolic. Ngaphansi kwethonya lezi zinhlanganisela ezinjalo, i-mycotoxicosis ivela kubantu. Noma yimuphi umkhiqizo onobuthi ungadala izifo.
Amafomu nesenzo:
- I-Aflatoxicosis. Zivela ngaphansi kwethonya lesikhunta sohlobo lwe-Aspergillus, iqembu eliyingozi kakhulu. Zinobuthi obukhulu; ngisho nenani elincane lingaholela ezinkingeni zezempilo ezingathi sína nezingenakulungiseka. Umthamo wama-75 mg/kg wesisindo somuntu uthathwa njengobulalayo. Itholakala emikhiqizweni yokudla enesitashi esiphezulu, enyameni eluhlaza, obisini, nasemikhiqizweni eyomile. Uma ingena emzimbeni, ibangela ukuphazamiseka kwesibindi, ibangele ukubonakala kwezifo ezimbi, futhi ukubonakala kwezilonda ezimbi zesitho kungenzeka. I-Aflotoxicosis iholela ezinkingeni zofuzo ezizibonakalisa enzalweni. Le mycotoxin ibhubhisa ngokuphelele iseli.
- I-Ochratoxicosis. Ikhiqizwe i-Aspergillus and Penicillus fungus. Iphazamisa ukusebenza kwezinso, inobuthi obukhulu, futhi iphazamisa ukukhula kombungu. I-Mycotoxins ekudleni ivimbela umsebenzi wokuvikela amasosha omzimba futhi ibangele i-atrophy yezicubu ze-lymphoid.
- I-Zearalenone kanye nokuphuma kokunye. Ibangelwa amakhowe Fusarium. Isatshalaliswa ngokusanhlamvu, amantongomane, izithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo nopelepele omnyama. Ingase ivele kokuphuma kwenyama namaqanda. Ayinabo ubuthi obunamandla, ithinta i-estrogen. Kubantu, i-mycotoxin ayinayo ingozi ethile. Ezimweni ezingavamile, kuvusa ukungahambi kahle kokuya esikhathini, izinqubo zokuvuvukala ezindlala zebele emadodeni, nokungasebenzi kahle kocansi.
- Ama-Trichothecenes. Ama-Mycotoxins anobuthi futhi ayingozi, abangela ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso sezinzwa kanye nenqubo ye-hematopoiesis. Umuntu uphathwa yikhanda, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, umfutho ophakeme, futhi akakuthandi ukudla. Inani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi namangqamuzana amhlophe egazi liyehla, futhi inqubo yokujiyisa kwegazi iyancipha. Ukuba khona kwezilonda esikhumbeni kuyaphawulwa.
- I-Patulin. I-substance ihlanganiswa yisikhunta i-Penicillium Aspergillus futhi ivusa ukwenzeka kwezilonda zamangqamuzana ayingozi kanye nokuguqulwa kwemibungu. Ivame ukutholakala emifino egayiwe kanye nezithelo. Ngobuningi bubangela ukopha kwesisu kanye nokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu. Ezilwaneni, i-mycotoxin ibhubhisa ukwakheka kwama-chromosome kanye ne-DNA futhi ithinte kabi umsebenzi wokuzala. Ngemithamo emincane ayiyona ingozi kubantu.
Isikhunta esisodwa sikhiqiza ama-mycotoxin ambalwa. Izinto ezichazwe zithandwa kakhulu, kodwa zonke izinhlanganisela ezinobuthi ziyingozi futhi ziyingozi empilweni yomuntu.
Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela ubuthi
Uma kutholakala izimpawu ezisolisayo, kufanele uxhumane nesikhungo sezokwelapha. Ukuxilongwa nezindlela zokunquma ubuthi be-mycotoxin kudinga ukunakekelwa nokunakwa. Ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngemva kokuxilongwa.
Indlela yokwelapha:
- Ukubuyiselwa kwebhalansi kasawoti wamanzi. Isisulu sithengiswa ngesisombululo somzimba - inhlanganisela ye-electrolyte ye-sodium chloride. Ngenxa yalokho, ubuthi bukhishwa emzimbeni, isakhiwo seseli sibuyiselwa, izinqubo zokuvuvukala ziyancipha, futhi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela siqiniswa.
- Banikeza umuntu othintekile ukuthi aphuze ama-sorbents; izinto ezinjalo zivimbela ubuthi ukuthi bungasabalali futhi busize buqede.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwama-probiotics kuzosiza ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwesistimu yokugaya kanye namathumbu, futhi kuthuthukise isimo esijwayelekile.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela zizosiza ukugwema ukudakwa ngama-mycotoxins. Into eyinhloko ukulawula ukukhiqizwa nokucubungula izitshalo zokusanhlamvu.
Lawula:
- ukuhlola imbewu,
- ukulungiswa kahle kwenhlabathi,
- ukulawula ukukhula,
- ukuhlanza okuhlanzekile nokuhlanzekile,
- ukukhetha kwekhwalithi,
- ukuhambisana nemithetho yokugcina,
- ukucubungula okulungile.
Ukudla okuphekiwe nakho kufanele kugcinwe ngendlela efanele. Uma izimpawu zesikhunta zitholwa, udinga ukulahla ukudla okunjalo.
I-Mycotoxins ivame ukutholakala emikhiqizweni. Ngeshwa, ukutheleleka kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ukudla. Ezinye izinto ezinobuthi aziyona ingozi, ezinye zibangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekusebenzeni kwezitho zangaphakathi nezinhlelo. Imikhiqizo enezimpawu zokukhunta kufanele ilahlwe.
Ividiyo: yini i-mycotoxins
Yini okufanele uyenze uma ungaboni kahle?
Wonke umuntu oye "wagwetshwa" ngokudalelwa kanye nezazi ze-ophthalmologists ezingilazini uyazi: usizi, ukukhungatheka, ngisho nokushaqeka akunakugwenywa. Futhi akunandaba ukuthi isigwebo satholwa ngeminyaka emingaki. Akulona iqiniso ukuthi yizingane kuphela nentsha enezakhiwo ngenxa “yamehlo amane.”
Yiqiniso, okungenani abantu abadala ngeke bagconwe abantu ababukwayo. Kodwa abesifazane bayadabukisa ukuthi manje ukubukeka kwabo konakalisiwe, ngeke baphumelele, futhi ngisho nohlaka oluhle kakhulu ngeke lusindise isimo. Amadoda acabanga ukuthi ukugqoka izibuko kubenza babonakale bebuthakathaka ... Kusukela ngaphandle kuyahlekisa, kodwa lezi yizinkinga zangempela!
Yebo, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kungenzeka ukulahla izibuko. Ungakwazi ukuthatha ama-eye exercises ngokungathí sina. Kodwa bangaki abantu abanesineke nokungaguquguquki? Ungalokotha uhlinzwe - kodwa kuyethusa, kuyabiza futhi akubonisiwe kuzo zonke izimo.
Inketho yesithathu ukuqala ukugqoka ama-lens oxhumana nabo, angathengwa esitolo se-intanethi https://www.lensmaster.ru/kontaktnye-linzy/. Kodwa-ke, lapha kuphakama imibuzo eminingi nokungabaza: ingabe kuyafaneleka, ingabe kuholela ezifweni zamehlo, ingabe kukhona ukukhathazeka okukhulu okuhambisana nokugqoka amalensi...
Lena imibuzo efanele. Ngakho-ke, into yokuqala okudingeka uyenze lapho unquma ukushintsha idivayisi yakho yokulungisa umbono ukuvakashela i-ophthalmologist. Kutuswa ukuthi ukhethe uchwepheshe owazi kahle isihloko osithandayo. Udokotela ochwepheshe
- hlola isimo se-cornea;
- izonquma ukuthi ingabe unokungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye;
- izohlola ngokuphelele umbono wakho.
Ngosizo lwayo uzokhetha ukuthi yini ekufanele kakhulu.
Ungakhetha kanjani amalensi okuxhumana afanelekile?
Kufanele wazi ukuthi namuhla ukukhetha kubanzi kakhulu. Kukhona anhlobonhlobo contact lens atholakalayo. Zihloselwe kokubili ukugqoka isikhathi eside nesikhathi eside, futhi kukhona nokugqoka kosuku olulodwa.
Ungawagqoka ngendlela endala ekuseni futhi uwakhiphe kusihlwa, ungakhohlwa ukuwanakekela nokubaphatha ngesisombululo esikhethekile. Uma ungathandi ukudlala, khetha ongakwazi ukuzigqoka isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuzikhumula ngisho nasebusuku. Ezosuku olulodwa zikhishwa kusihlwa - kodwa zilahlwe, futhi ekuseni zisebenzisa i-pair fresh.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwezinye izifo izinga eliphezulu lokulungiswa kombono ngezibuko empeleni alitholakali. Futhi ama-lens azobuyisela isithombe esiphelele somhlaba. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo - umuzwa wokuba usizo komuntu siqu, ubuhle kanye nenkululeko.
Ukuqala kwesigaba esisha empilweni kuzoba amalensi okuxhumana. Izinga labo eliphezulu lizoqinisekisa izinkinga ezingase zibe khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuthi ungomunye walabo ama-lens angeke abe yindlela yokulungisa kuphela, kodwa futhi azosiza ekuthuthukiseni umbono: imithi iyazi amacala amaningi anjalo.
shiya impendulo