Ubuthi obuningi buyingozi kubantu. Bangase babe nemvelaphi ehlukene. Yiba ukudla, amakhemikhali kanye nemvelo. Ezimweni ezihlukene, izinto ziholela ekufeni okubuhlungu. Yibuphi ubuthi obubulalayo obudume kakhulu kubantu futhi kungani buyingozi?
Izinto ezinobuthi zizungeza abantu yonke indawo. Ngisho nomuthi ophuzwa ngethamo elengeziwe uholela ebuthini obukhulu nokufa.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu bebesebenzisa ubuthi ukuze babulale abantu abangafunwa, kodwa abaningi babewazi amakhambi ezinto ezinjalo. Iqembu lezinhlanganisela ezinobuthi eziyingozi kakhulu liyabonakala.
Ubuthi be-botulinum kanye ne-ricin
Into efanayo isetshenziswa ku-cosmetology ezinqubweni ze-Botox, kodwa kuye kwafakazelwa ngokwesayensi ukuthi ingenye yobuthi obuqine kakhulu. Lapho amabhaktheriya anobuthi be-botulinum engena emzimbeni, abangela i-botulism, ubuthi obunzima obudala ukuthuthukiswa kokukhubazeka. Kancane kancane, ukusebenza kwesimiso sezinzwa kuyaphazamiseka, futhi kukhona ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lokuphefumula. Umuntu ufa kabuhlungu ngenxa yokuboshwa kokuphefumula.
Nge-overdose encane kakhulu, isisulu siba nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, izinkinga zokukhuluma nokusebenzisana, kanye nezinkinga zesistimu yokubuka. Umzila oyinhloko wokutheleleka ukusetshenziswa kokudla okungcolile. Ama-microorganisms ayingozi nawo angangena ngamanxeba esikhumbeni.
U-Ricin
Isidakamizwa siwushevu wemvelo. Kutholwe kubhontshisi we-castor. Uma isemzimbeni, i-ricin inomthelela omubi kumaseli, iphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaprotheni. Ngenxa yalokho, kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kwezitho zangaphakathi.
Ubuthi buvela ngomgudu wokuphefumula noma wokugaya ukudla. Esimweni sokuqala, kukhona ukukhwehlela, ukuphefumula kanzima, isicanucanu, ukwanda kokujuluka, nomuzwa wokuqina esifubeni.
Uma kwenzeka kuba noshevu ngenxa yokusebenzisa ushevu, kwehla umfutho wegazi, ukuba khona kwegazi esitokisini nasemhlanzweni, ukubona izinto ezingekho, kanye nokuquleka. Ukufa kutholakala ngemva kosuku olulodwa nesigamu.
I-Sarin ne-potassium cyanide
Ubuthi obubulalayo, bungenye yezinto ezinobuthi obuyingozi kakhulu obuthinta isimiso sezinzwa. Izici ezingezinhle ze-sarin zikhulu izikhathi ezingamakhulu kune-cyanide. Njengamanje, le nto isetshenziswa njengesikhali samakhemikhali, nakuba ekuqaleni yayikhiqizwa ukulwa nezinambuzane eziyingozi.
I-Sarin inomphumela emzimbeni womuntu lapho ihogela, iwela esikhumbeni kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila lwamehlo. Esigabeni sokuqala, ikhala eligelezayo, isicanucanu, nezinkinga zokuphefumula ziyaphawulwa. Ukuquleka nokudlikizela kancane kancane kuyavela, umuntu uwela kwi-coma futhi ashone ngenxa yokuphefumula.
I-Potassium cyanide
Into esesimweni samakristalu noma igesi enephunga lama-alimondi ingenye yobuthi obushesha kakhulu. Ukufa kwenzeka emizuzwini embalwa ngemuva kokuxhumana nobuthi. Umuntu uba nokudlikizela, ukuhlanza, nezinkinga zokuphefumula. Ukufa kwenzeka ngenxa yokungakwazi kwamangqamuzana ukuthwala umoya-mpilo, ngenxa yalokho ukusebenza kwazo zonke izitho zangaphakathi kuyaphazamiseka.
I-Mercury ne-arsenic
Into eyaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu ibeka ingozi enkulu kubantu. Ubuthi kwenzeka lapho uhogela intuthu enobuthi entweni - i-mercury evela kuthermometer, uhlobo lwezinto ezingaphili ezisetshenziswa esikalini sezimboni.
Ukudakwa kungenzeka ngokusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwe-organic mercury emikhiqizweni yasolwandle.
Uma kwenzeka ubuthi be-arsenic, umuntu uba nokukhubazeka kokubona, izinkinga zenkumbulo, nokuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kobuchopho. Ukuhogela umhwamuko isikhathi eside kubangela umonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa nokufa.
I-Arsenic
Le nto isetshenziswe isikhathi eside ukuqeda abantu abangafuneki. Izakhiwo ze-arsenic zifana nalezo ze-mercury. Uma efakwe ubuthi, umuntu uzwa ubuhlungu esiswini kanye namajaqamba.
Umufi uquleka bese equleka. Uma usizo lungekho, ukufa kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. Ezimweni ezincane kakhulu, kubangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezimbi kakhulu kubantu.
Ushevu wamagundane kanye ne-VX
Ushevu wamagundane awuvamile ukutholakala. Ezimweni eziningi, izingane ziyahlupheka. Umuntu uba nokwanda ukopha kwezinsini nokopha kwangaphakathi. Udinga ukuxhumana nesikhungo sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokwelashwa okufanele, ubuthi obunoshevu wamagundane buphela kahle. Uma kungenjalo, ukufa komuntu ohlukunyeziwe kwenzeka.
Ngakho, ziningi izinto ezinobuthi eziyingozi empilweni. Ukunakekela nokuqapha kuyadingeka lapho uphatha izinhlanganisela ezingajwayelekile.
VX
Lobu buthi obubulalayo bubhekwa njengesikhali sokubhubhisa abantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke. Ngisho neconsi lento efika esikhumbeni iholela ekufeni. Izimpawu zokudakwa zifana nomkhuhlane, kodwa kancane kancane umuntu uqala ukuminyanisa futhi afe ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya.
Ubuthi bemvelo kubantu
Izinto ezinobuthi azikhiqizwa ngamakhemikhali kuphela. Buningi ubuthi emvelweni obungalimaza abantu.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ubuthi bezilwane nezitshalo bebusetshenziselwa ukuzingela nokuvikela. Namuhla umuntu usefunde ukukhipha izinto ezinobuthi futhi azisebenzisele izinjongo ezihlukahlukene.
I-Tetrodotoxin
Ubuthi obuvela ngokwemvelo obukhona ezithweni zezinhlanzi. I-tetrodotoxin ihlala kwezinye izitho zezinhlanzi ngisho nangemva kokupheka. Uma kwenzeka kuba noshevu, umuntu uba nokuthuthukiswa kokukhubazeka, ukubonakaliswa kokuququda, nokuphefumula kanzima. Ukufa kutholakala ngemuva kwamahora ayisithupha kudliwe ushevu.
I-Strychnine ne-anthrax
Ubuthi butholakala embewini yesihlahla i-chilibuha. I-Strychnine iyimpushana emhlophe enokunambitheka okubabayo. Alikho iphunga. Ubuthi buvela ngokumunca, ukuhogela, ukukusebenzisa noma ngokufakwa emthanjeni.
Ngokuya ngomzila wokungenela kanye nenani elimunnyiwe, amazinga ahlukene obuthi ayahlukaniswa. Umuntu ohlukunyezwayo uba nemisipha, ukuphefumula kanzima nokufa kobuchopho. Umuntu uyafa ngemva kwesigamu sehora le nto ingene emzimbeni.
i-anthrax
Ubuthi bubangelwa amagciwane e-anthrax. Izinhlamvu zingena emoyeni, zibangele ukuthi zisakazeke emoyeni. Umuntu onaleli gciwane ekuqaleni uzizwa ebanda, futhi inqubo yokuphefumula iyaphazamiseka kancane kancane. Ezimweni eziningi, isisulu siyafa ngesonto ngemuva kokudliswa ushevu.
I-Amatoxin, i-currare ne-batrachotoxin
Ubuthi butholakala kumakhowe anobuthi. Uma isingaphakathi, le nto iphazamisa ukusebenza kwezinso nesibindi, amangqamuzana esitho ayafa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, okuholela ekufeni. Kwezinye izimo, isimiso senhliziyo siyathinteka. I-antidote yento enjalo yi-penicillin, kodwa udinga ukudla inani elikhulu layo.
Curate
Ubuthi obufanayo butholakala ezitshalweni eziningana ezitholakala eNingizimu Melika. Esimeni sokudliswa ushevu, isisulu siba nokukhubazeka. Ukufa esimweni esinjalo akwenzeki ngokushesha, isisulu asikhulumi noma sinyakaze, futhi izitho zangaphakathi zihluleka kancane kancane.
I-Batrachotoxin
Ubuthi butholakala esikhumbeni samaxoxo esihlahla. Ibhekwa njenge-neurotoxin enamandla kakhulu emhlabeni. Isimiso sezinzwa siyahlupheka, ukuphefumula kuyaphazamiseka, futhi isisulu siyafa ngesikhashana nje. Ngenhlanhla, kunzima ukuhlangana nobuthi obunjalo.
Ubuthi bemvelo buzungeza abantu yonke indawo. Akunconywa ukuthinta izilwane nezitshalo ezingajwayelekile, futhi ugweme izinyoka, ikakhulukazi izinyoka kanye nabanye abantu abanobuthi.
Ubuthi basekhaya
Ubuthi basekhaya yizinto ezihlala zizungeza umuntu. Lokhu kungaba amakhemikhali, amagesi ahlukahlukene. Yibuphi ubuthi basekhaya obuyingozi?
Ubuthi:
- Ama-Acids. Babangela ukushisa okukhulu namanxeba esikhumbeni, futhi uma kudliwe, kuholela ekwakhekeni kwezilonda ze-ulcerative nokufa.
- Amadayi. Lapho ingena emzimbeni ngesimo sothuli noma i-aerosol, iphazamisa ukusebenza kwezitho zangaphakathi, ukuntuleka kokwelashwa kuholela ezinkambisweni ezimbi.
- Izihlanzi. Zingena emzimbeni ngomgudu wokuphefumula noma uhlelo lokugaya ukudla futhi ziyingozi ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.
- I-Mercury nosawoti wayo. I-thermometer ephukile ingaholela emiphumeleni emibi; kunconywa ukuthi ushayele uMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.
- I-carbon monoxide. Kuvela ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okungafanele kwezitofu noshimula, ukungakwazi ukuphatha igesi. Ingenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokufa ngenxa yobuthi basekhaya.
- Ama-alkali. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe futhi kugcinwe endaweni lapho izingane zingakwazi ukufinyelela khona.
- I-Chlorine. Inhlanganisela eyingozi etholakala emikhiqizweni eminingi yasendlini. Ukufa kwenzeka ngokuhogela kungazelelwe yimfucuza.
Ezimweni zasekhaya, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe lapho usebenza ngamakhemikhali. Izinhlanganisela eziyingozi azishiywa emehlweni abantwana nezilwane.
Umbuzo wokuthi ungayenza kanjani ushevu obulalayo ekhaya uvame ukubuzwa ku-inthanethi. Nokho, kuyatuswa ukukhumbula ukuthi lokhu kungase kubangele icala lobugebengu.
Ubuthi obuncane kubantu
Akubona bonke ubuthi obubulalayo obutholakalayo obusebenza ngokushesha. Ezinye izinto ezinobuthi zibulala umzimba kancane kancane, ngezinye izikhathi zibangele ukufa okubuhlungu. Yibuphi ubuthi obukuleli qembu?
Izinhlobo:
- Omega. Into enobuthi equkethwe esitshalweni
- Hemlock. Kancane kancane, zonke izitho ngaphandle kobuchopho ziyahluleka. Umuntu uqonda yonke into kuze kube sekupheleni.
- I-Dimethylmercury. Into ehamba kancane. Iconsi elilodwa lanele ukubanga ukufa, kodwa izimpawu zizovela ngemva kwesikhathi eside impela.
- I-Polonium. Ubuthi bemisebe obuhwamuka kancane kancane buholele ebuthi.
I-Mercury ingahlukaniswa njengoshevu ohamba kancane. Imfucumfucu yensimbi ekugxilweni okuncane ibangela ubuthi obungapheli kanye nokuphazamiseka kancane kancane kokusebenza kwazo zonke izitho.
Ubuthi obuvela ekhemisi
Ubuthi obutholakala kubantu butholakala emakhemisi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise imithi uma ithathwa imithamo eyeqile. Ama-painkiller nezidakamizwa zesistimu yenhliziyo ziyingozi.
I-antibiotic chloramphenicol ibhekwa njengeyingozi kakhulu, njengoba ingaholela ekuphazamisekeni okukhulu komnkantsha.
Kuvunyelwe ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi kuphela njengoba kunqunywe udokotela. Akunconywa ukuthenga imikhiqizo ekhemisi ngaphandle kokubonisana kwangaphambili.
Indlela yokunquma umthamo obulalayo kubantu
Umthamo obulalayo ungumuntu ngamunye. Kukhona itafula elilinganiselwe lamanani ayingozi wezinto zomzimba, kodwa koyedwa umthamo uzolimaza, kanti omunye uzozwa kuphela imizwa engathandeki. Ziningi izici ezingaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni koshevu.
Izici:
- Izimfanelo zomuntu ngamunye;
- Izinqubo ze-Pathological emzimbeni ezenza buthaka amasosha omzimba;
- Ukuba khona kokuhlanza, okunciphisa umphumela wobuthi;
- Ukwanda kokukhuthazela komzimba kuzovimbela ubuthi ukuthi busakazeke ngokushesha.
Uma ubona izimpawu ezingemnandi ngemva kokuthintana nanoma iyiphi into, kufanele uthinte isikhungo sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ubuthi obubulalayo bungabulala ngokushesha noma buholele ekwakhiweni kwemizwelo ebuhlungu nokufa isikhathi eside.
shiya impendulo